Memorias Adaptables para la Construcción de Identidades Colectivas

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https://doi.org/10.17583/hse.2018.2820

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Abstract

Resumen

La investigación sobre la maleabilidad de la memoria humana ha mostrado cómo podemos incorporar información errónea dadas ciertas condiciones sociales. Esta línea de investigación ha llevado a psicólogos cognitivos a centrarse en los errores de la memoria y la desinformación que puede ser causados por contagio social.  Basado en el mismo efecto de contagio social, estudios recientes se han centrado en las características potencialmente adaptables de la memoria. Dicha adaptabilidad nos facilita desarollar la confianza en los miembros de los grupos sociales a los que pertenecemos. Esto nos permite promover la cooperación creando las condiciones para la formación y mantenimiento de ‘comunidades de memoria’,  que son la base para la construcción y la transmisión de memoria colectivas.

Si por un momento nos distanciamos de los actuales debates filosóficos acerca de si los grupos pueden tener una mente, y por lo tanto ellos mismos pueden formar memorias colectivas, ésta puede ser definida como memorias individuales compartidas en una comunidad, que le confieren identidad a la comunidad. Las memorias colectivas pueden pertenecer a un proyecto identitario que los miembros de grupos sociales emplean para conservar su historia y mantener cohesión. El objetivo de nuestro artículo es investigar cuáles son los factores sociales y cognitivos que promueven la formación de memorias colectivas en interacciones sociales. Para esto discutimos numerosos estudios en psicología social, cultural y cognitiva que se han centrado en encontrar y explicar los beneficios y costos de formar memorias colectivas. La evidencia empírica sugiere que la adaptabilidad de la memoria humana, y en consecuencia la capacidad que grupos sociales tienen para formar memorias colectivas sobre las cuales basar sus identidades sociales parece ser bastante independiente de la veracidad y precisión de tales recuerdos.

 

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Published

2018-06-23

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Bietti, L. (2018). Memorias Adaptables para la Construcción de Identidades Colectivas. Social and Education History, 7(2), 125–150. https://doi.org/10.17583/hse.2018.2820

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